What's The Difference Between Bacterial And Viral Meningitis?

Meningitis is an infection of the protective membranes that cover the brain and spinal cord, known as the meninges, per the Mayo Clinic. It is a serious and potentially life-threatening condition that requires prompt treatment. According to the National Meningitis Association, between 600 to 1,000 Americans contract meningitis yearly, with one in five sustaining permanent disabilities. The condition can be classified as acute or chronic and is caused by various microorganisms, including bacteria and viruses. Fungal meningitis is a rare type of meningitis caused by fungal infections such as Cryptococcal meningitis. It is more common in people with weakened immune systems and can be fatal if not treated promptly, says the clinic.

It is important to seek medical attention immediately if you suspect you or someone you know have meningitis. Meningitis can cause severe complications, such as brain damage, hearing loss, and learning difficulties, if not treated promptly.

The main difference between bacterial and viral meningitis is the causative agent and the severity of the illness. Bacterial meningitis is caused by bacteria such as Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis, and Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib), according to the Mayo Clinic. Bacterial meningitis can occur as a complication of an ear infection, sinusitis, or a skull fracture. Symptoms of bacterial meningitis can include fever, headache, stiff neck, nausea, vomiting, sensitivity to light, confusion, and a rash (via Johns Hopkins Medicine).

On the other hand, viral meningitis is a milder form of the condition and is caused by a variety of viruses such as enteroviruses, mumps, and herpes simplex, says the Mayo Clinic. Symptoms of viral meningitis can include fever, headache, nausea, vomiting, sensitivity to light, and a general sense of feeling ill, per the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).

In summary, the main difference between bacterial and viral meningitis is the causative agent, the severity of the illness, and the treatment required. Bacterial meningitis is caused by bacteria and requires prompt treatment with antibiotics, while viral meningitis is caused by a virus and is typically less severe.

Bacterial meningitis and viral meningitis are treated differently as different microorganisms cause them. Bacterial meningitis is treated with antibiotics, says the Mayo Clinic. The choice of antibiotic and the duration of treatment depend on the type of bacteria causing the infection. It is important to start treatment as soon as possible to reduce the risk of serious complications such as brain damage, hearing loss, or death. In addition to antibiotics, treatment might include other medicines such as corticosteroids, antiviral medications, and anticonvulsant medications to reduce inflammation, prevent seizures, and help control the symptoms of the infection (via Johns Hopkins Medicine).

Viral meningitis is typically less severe and the recovery period is seven to 10 days, says the CDC. The treatment for viral meningitis is typically supportive, which includes taking over-the-counter pain relievers, such as ibuprofen, and getting plenty of rest, per the National Health Service (NHS). In some cases, antiviral medications may be prescribed to help control the symptoms of the infection. In both cases, hospitalization might be needed to monitor the patient, provide supportive care and administer the appropriate treatment.